Effect of gas saturation on acoustic log data in the Bossier/Haynesville shale gas play
Many technical challenges must be overcome to ensure the economic development of a shale gas resource including; (1) the drilling of safe and cost effective wells, (2) accurate assessment of gas distribution and saturation, and (3) identification of the target zones to optimize the impact of hydraulic fracture stimulation and completion. In order to meet these challenges, it is necessary to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the shales. Sonic logs provide important data for this characterization. One motivation for this work was to determine if sonic logs in gas shales could be used to characterize rock properties that may be used in reservoir characterization, derivation of mechanical properties and estimation of in-situ stresses.
Sonic logs measured in Haynesville wells show a distinct response when compared to established mudrock Vp-Vs relationships. Measured Vp appears to be slow relative to Vs, similar to the hydrocarbon response observed in conventional reservoirs. In this work, we evaluate the mechanisms that impact the acoustic data and make meaningful corrections to it. This is accomplished by:
Assessing and eliminating formation pressure, gas-filled microcracks, lithology variations, and TOC as primary causes for the anomalous velocity behavior
Showing that Gassmann fluid substitution on a brine-saturated Haynesville-like mudrock model yields acoustic responses for partially gas-saturated rocks that are consistent with the velocity response observed in the sonic logs
Demonstrating that gas-corrected in-situ velocity data are consistent with established mudrock Vp-Vs trends
A major impact of this work is the ability to estimate gas-corrected velocities and densities that can be used to estimate elastic moduli used in a number of applications including estimation of stress profiles, hydraulic fracture simulation, and reservoir modeling.